Grammar

A2

German dative case

Dative shows who receives something or who is affected. Learn the forms, then practise real phrases.

  • Articles and pronouns in the dative
  • High-frequency dative verbs and phrases
  • Practice that builds toward fluent replies

Dative

Dative is another case in German. It is used for indirect objects—the person (or thing) who receives something.

Like the nominative and accusative cases, the dative causes the declension of articles and adjectives

Ich gebe meiner Mutter ein Geschenk

I give my mother a present

The objects must come in the following order: dative then accusativei

Unlike in the accusative, all the articles in the dative change: The masculine and neuter definite article is dem in the dative

Ich gebe dem Mann ein Geschenk

I give a gift to the man

Ich gebe dem Kind ein Geschenk

I give a gift to the child

In the feminine, the definite dative article is der

Ich gebe der Frau ein Geschenk

I give a gift to the woman

Plural definite article in the dative is den, and many nouns add -n: den Kindern, den Freunden.

Ich gebe den Kindern Schokolade

I give the children chocolate

Dative pronouns

Personal pronouns also change: mir, dir, ihm, ihr, uns, euch, ihnen/Ihnen.

Kannst du mir helfen?

Can you help me?

Ich danke dir

I thank you

Das Buch gehört ihm

The book belongs to him

Verbs that take the dative

Some verbs such as helfen (to help), gratulieren (to congratulate), danken (to thank), gefallen (to please), gehören (to belong), and widersprechen (to contradict) are always followed by the dative in German, where English often uses a direct object.

Kannst du deiner Schwester helfen?

Can you help your sister?

Ich danke meinem Vater

I thank my father

Die Stadt gefällt mir

I like the city (lit. the city pleases me)

Common dative prepositions

These prepositions always take the dative: mit, nach, bei, von, zu, aus, seit, außer.

Ich fahre mit dem Bus

I’m going by bus

Sie wohnt bei ihrer Tante

She lives at her aunt’s

Wir gehen zum Bahnhof

We’re going to the station